Viral infections and seasonality are linked with trends in new pediatric leukemia and lymphoma cases. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this norm, and subsequently the international medical community observed a decrease in new diagnoses of hematologic cancers in children. However, this was not the trend observed at Cohen Children's Medical Center where, despite examining fifteen months during the COVID-19 pandemic, we did not see a statistically significant decrease in monthly cases. Rather, cases remained constant as compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. This warrants further study at a multi-institutional level to investigate the association between COVID-19 and rates of pediatric leukemia and lymphoma.

The current outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in millions of deaths and hospitalizations worldwide, as well as an extreme impact in our social-economic lives. The emergency to implement public health measures, such as, social distancing, high levels of testing and vaccination has shown the importance of continuous research in those areas. Here it will be presented the most relevant knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 genomic features and mechanism that lies beneath its ability to surpass the immunological system. Moreover, it will be discussed the virus new variants and the potential impact that they can have on pathogenic factors and on the detection methods effectiveness. In order to better manage the pandemic, it is essential to maintain continuous research into the SARS-CoV-2 genome and a strict real-time genomic surveillance at the global level. This will allow the scientific community to understand the evolution of the virus and track the emergence of new mutations, which may affect the performance of COVID-19 tests. In this sense, the technologies developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection and their advantages and limitations will be fully explored.

Background: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by the nurses of the future is important to increase the population immunity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the attitudes and concerns of nursing students towards the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, their willingness to be vaccinated, and the factors affecting their willingness in the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 1, 2021, to March 30, 2021, using an online questionnaire in 498 nursing students in Turkey. Results: While 64.5% of nursing students had the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19, 35.5% had no intention to be vaccinated (29.3% hesitant and 6.2% unwilling). Students expressed their attitudes and concerns on the lack of COVID-19 vaccine information (65.7%), its effectiveness (41.6%), safety (45.8%), and side effects (50.8%). Students did not intend to be vaccinated due to insufficient trust in the vaccine effectiveness (84%), the continuous COVID-19 mutation, vaccines side effects (68.9%), and not trusting the supplied vaccine (55.4%). Students’ high education level, high family income perception, previous vaccine rejection, family members with COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 information from official institutions, trusting health professionals’ COVID-19 explanations, and attitudes and concerns toward vaccines for their intention to be vaccinated are the affecting factors (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Nursing students are known to be future healthcare professionals and play a decisive role in counseling individuals in the community on the risks of COVID-19 and the benefits of the vaccine. Therefore, focusing on training that is aimed at increasing vaccine knowledge, eliminating their negative attitudes and concerns, and building confidence in vaccines is necessary.

Ineffective selection of therapeutic drugs during an urgent situation leads to failure for COVID-19 treatment in large clinical trials, resulting in wasting time and cost. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling to support the withdrawal of chloroquine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) for COVID-19 treatment. The developed whole-body PBPK models were validated against clinical data. Model validation was performed using acceptable methods. The inhibitory effect was calculated to demonstrate drug efficacy. Various regimens of chloroquine and LPV/r for COVID-19 treatment in different clinical trials were used for a simulation. The risk of cardiotoxicity following high dose chloroquine administration was assessed. The effect of lung pH on drug concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following a high dose of chloroquine and LPV/r was evaluated. The whole-body PBPK models were successfully developed (AAFEs of 1.2-fold). The inhibitory effect (%E) of chloroquine following high dose regimens in both ELF and bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) were lower than 2 and 1%, respectively. The corresponding values for the high dose of LPV/r were 40 and 2%, respectively. The risk of prolonged QTc in the population was higher than 20%. In addition, the %E of chloroquine was increased to 76% at pH 5.6 and decreased to 0.13% at pH 7.5. The change in pH in ELF had no influence on LPV/r concentrations. PBPK/PD modelling supports the withdrawal of chloroquine and LPV/r for COVID-19 treatment as an effective tool for the selection of therapeutic drug regimens in urgent situation.

A 74-year-old female presented with COVID-19 pneumonia and multinodular goiter with right lobe enlargement, occupying medium mediastinum with trachea compression is presented. COVID-19 pro-thrombotic status combined with low dynamic flow due to the large goiter resulted in deep vein thrombosis of subclavian and jugular veins in this case.

Objective: To examine how the pandemic affected women with pelvic dysfunction. Design: A Survey Monkey™ questionnaire on how the pandemic and Covid-19 infection affected women’s pelvic problems, exercise, and weight. A free text box captured their comments. Setting: Online questionnaire worldwide. Sample: Six hundred and forty-seven women. Results: Bladder control 265 (41%), prolapse 240 (37%), pelvic pain 40 (6%), sexual dysfunction 27 (4%), faecal incontinence 19 (3%) and other 56 (9%) were respondents’ main pelvic problems. Symptoms were unchanged for 331 (51%), worse for 243 (38%), and improved for 60 (10%). Weight was gained by 290 (45%), unchanged by 243 (38%), and lost by 114 (17%). Exercise levels were unchanged, worse, or better in 33%. Difficulty accessing medical appointments and date for surgery were experienced by 235 (36.5%) and 38 (6%) women respectively. Sixty-six (10.3%) women reported covid-19 infection: the distribution of pelvic problems and changes through the pandemic, weight and exercise patterns, and difficulty either getting a date for surgery or accessing healthcare were similar to those not contracting infection. Sexual dysfunction was the main new or worsening problem, featuring 13 women (18%). Seventy women - 16 recently delivered, and 54 with a pre-existing pelvic problem commented. Five core themes were identified. Difficulty accessing healthcare review, mental health impact and physiotherapy services especially affected delivered women, while lifestyle alterations and conservative treatment tools were more prominent in women with a pre-existing problem. Conclusions: The pandemic left many women with pelvic dysfunction without services, and this survey captures their suffering.

Measles is an acute infectious disease which is highly contagious. This illness is caused by a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. In spite of having a highly effective vaccine, measles is still a public health concern. In October 2019, Iran has achieved the status of measles elimination using effective vaccination strategies and surveillance system based on WHO recommendations. However, recent COVID-19 pandemic disrupted impeccable immunization services and altered health-seeking behaviors worldwide. Herein, we report a case of measles and influenza co-infection in a nine month-old infant from Bushehr province of Iran

Objective: To estimate risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and assess adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Design: A population-based, retrospective cohort. Setting: Florida, USA. Population: All pregnancies with a live birth or fetal death from March 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Methods: COVID-19 case reports were matched to vital registries. Modified Poisson and multinomial logistic regression models were used to derive relative risk estimates. Main Outcome Measures: Infection in pregnancy, preterm birth, maternal or neonatal admission to and intensive care unit (ICU), fetal death. Results: Of 234,492 women with a live birth or fetal death during the study period, 12,976 (5.5%) were identified with COVID-19 during pregnancy. Risk factors for COVID-19 in pregnancy included Hispanic ethnicity (relative risk [RR]=1.89), Black race (RR=1.34), being unmarried (RR=1.04), and being overweight or obese pre-pregnancy (RR=1.08-1.32). COVID-19 during pregnancy was associated with preterm birth (RR=1.31), Cesarean delivery (RR=1.04), and neonatal (RR=1.17) and maternal (RR=3.10) ICU admission, but no association was found with increased risk of perinatal (RR=0.72) or fetal death (RR=0.86). Women infected during any trimester showed increased risk of preterm birth compared to women without COVID-19. Thirteen maternal deaths were identified among COVID-19 cases; of those who died, 11 were obese. The death rate was 20.53 per 10,000 among obese and 1.22 per 10,000 among non-obese gravida with COVID-19 during pregnancy (RR=16.88, P=0.001). Conclusions: Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and for more severe COVID-19 illness among pregnant women. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with preterm birth.

Background The spread of COVID-19 continues, the mutation of SARS-COV-2 is still difficult to control, and the need for antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19 remains urgent. The use of arbidol in the treatment of COVID-19 is limited and controversial. Methods To clarify the efficacy of arbidol on COVID-19, we collected 25 cases and 178 related studies. We analyzed the treatment information of arbidol based on the obtained cases, expanded the scope of the study, and collected current studies on the treatment of COVID-19 in various databases for in-depth analysis. Results History analysis showed that arbidol was effective (76% cure rate) compared with other drugs. However, compared with other antiviral drugs or standard therapy, the arbidol group had no significant advantage in reducing the time to negative virus transformation, length of hospital stays, or improvement in CT (MD=0.22, 95%CI -0.29-0.73; MD = 0.61, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.67; RR=1.15, 95%CI 0.88-1.50); Analysis of adverse events showed no significant difference between the arbidol group and the other groups (RR=0.82, 95%CI 0.25-2.71). Conclusion Our study showed that arbidol had no significant effect on COVID-19, but showed a slight advantage in CT improvement and adverse events. Our study objectively evaluated the efficacy of arbidol in the treatment of COVID-19 and provided some guidance for arbidol in the treatment of COVID-19.

There are over 90 clinical trials including drug repositioning that have been initiated to get COVID-19 treatment/management. Antibiotic resistance, drug tolerance, mutation and adverse drug effects possess a great deal of setback during therapy especially with emerging infectious diseases and this necessitates the need for research into getting new drugs or repositioning the existing ones to meet up with the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting humanity. Drug repositioning is a stepwise process that aid in discovering new indications and therapeutic targets of drugs and it usually takes 3-12 years on the average to be completed whereas in drug discovery, an average of 10-17 years is needed for the whole process. This is because in repositioning, research process goes directly to preclinical testing and clinical trials since both the toxicological and pharmacological profile of the drug to be repositioned is known, thus reducing time, risk, and costs. Based on 2009 statistics, 30% of all drugs sold in that year are products of repositioning while only one out of one million potential drug candidates have the possibility of entry into clinical studies with a tendency of having a significant number of failures. Hence the urgent need to discover new uses of existing drugs especially with the emergence of human and animal diseases such as Covid-19 and the high incidence of drug tolerance and resistance. Drug repositioning is therefore considered as an alternative way as it entails the discovery of new therapeutic indications for already existing drugs.

Objective: To inform, develop and evaluate Beyond the Bump (BtB); an online program to improve access to education and support physical activity in the postpartum. Design, Setting and Population: Three-phase mixed-methods design before, during and following a 10-week Australia-wide online pilot program during COVID-19 with women in their first year postpartum and health professionals. Methods: Phase-one: needs assessment focus groups and interviews postpartum women and heatlh professionals. Phase-two: program implementation pre-post health measures survey, attendance and engagement in BtB. Phase-three: program evaluation feedback surveys and interviews. Main Outcome Measures: Identify postpartum educational support needs, barriers and enablers of program attendance and physical activity. Mental health symptoms, wellbeing health behaviours and physical activity levels. Results: Women and health professsionals expressed strong need for a postpartum program with access to expert education on exercise, pelvic floor, sleep and baby nutrition. Despite BtB being developed from womens suggestions (including time-of-day ‘morning’), attendance to all ten sessions was poor (23% (n = 162) participated in first session and 5% in the last session). Barriers to attendance included ‘too busy’,‘forgot’ and ‘topic not relevant for age of child’. 88% of women reported education as the most enjoyable part of the program. 100% of women interviewed would recommend the program to a friend. Conclusions: There is a continuing need for postpartum support. Online programs with access to expert education and exercise were of significant interest and value. However, more research is needed to improve the uptake and value placed on mothers’ wellbeing and physical activity.

Background： This study investigated the effects of nutritional status at the time of admission on clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on 54 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical data of admitted patients, albumin and pre-serum albumin levels, gastrointestinal intolerance, and general information were collected and analyzed. The primary clinical outcomes were length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs. Results：The results showed that albumin and pre-serum albumin levels of patients at admission were negatively associated with the length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs (P < 0.001). Patients with poor appetite had longer hospital stays (P < 0.001) and higher hospital costs (P = 0.022). Conclusion：These results indicated that the nutritional status at admission can directly influence the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.

Since its first detection in 2019, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Despite the development and administration of different vaccines, the situation is still worrisome as the virus is constantly mutating to produce newer variants some of which are highly infectious. This raises an urgent requirement to understand the infection mechanism and thereby design therapeutic-based treatment for COVID-19. The gateway of the virus to the host cell is mediated by the binding of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the virus spike protein to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the human cell. Therefore, the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a target to design therapeutics. The α1 helix of ACE2 which forms direct contact with the RBD surface has been used as a template in the current study to design stapled peptide therapeutics. Using computer simulation, the mechanism and thermodynamics of the binding of six stapled peptides with RBD have been estimated. Among these, the one with two lactam stapling agents has shown binding affinity, sufficient to overcome RBD-ACE2 binding. Analyses of the mechanistic detail reveal that a reorganization of amino acids at the RBD-ACE2 interface produces favorable enthalpy of binding whereas conformational restriction of the free peptide reduces the loss in entropy to result in higher binding affinity. The understanding of the relation of the nature of the stapling agent with their binding affinity opens up the avenue to explore stapled peptides as therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2.

The new coronavirus pandemic alarmed the world. Misinformation regarding prevention and treatment for safeguarding against this pandemic seemed to be life-threatening along with the spreading pandemic. Public health authorities in the world tried to battle this virtual virus by offering true information and correcting misinformation. However, the public misinformation through social media caused toxicological consequences in some parts of the world which provoked awareness, response, and concern of the public health authorities including the FDA and toxicology community. On the other hand, finding new strategies for the prevention and treatment of the coronavirus again stress the roles of public education about true drug information. Hundreds of chemicals were/are being tested to be prophylactic medications or healing drugs for the coronavirus. Therefore, spread accurate information and edit misinformation can be crucial. This essay is going to bring the attention of misinformation regarding prevention and treatment for safeguarding against the COVID-19 pandemic and its toxicological consequences and the need for public education toward appropriate use of therapies.

Aim: Vaccination against SARS-CoV2 has been proposed as a fundamental element for the control of the pandemic. The aim of this study is to describe the suspected adverse reactions (ADRs) reported among vaccinated hospital workers. Methods: Descriptive study of suspected ADRs identified between January and March 2021. The suspected ADRs were identified by specifically designed electronic form and by spontaneous reporting. Data was also collected regarding the characteristics of the professionals, vaccine administered, severity, and outcome of the ADR. Results: 8,169 professionals received the two doses of SARS-CoV2 vaccine (6,672 Comirnaty® and 1,497 Spikevax®) and 894 reports of suspected ADR were reported (762 for Comirnaty® and 132 for Spikevax®), so a cumulative AEFIs incidence of 10.94% (95%CI: 10.27-11.62). The majority of ADRs were reported only after the second dose, 497(56.2%) while 211 (23.6%) was reported only after the first dose and a 186 (21%) after both doses. Symptoms were mostly mild, did not require medical assistance and disappeared in about 3 days. One hundred and seventeen professionals had a history of COVID-19. These reported, statistically significant, more suspected ADRs after the first dose (42.7%) than professionals with no history of COVID-19 (20.7%). Among the professionals, more ADRs occurred after the first dose with the Spikevax® vaccine (41.6%) than with the Comirnaty® vaccine (20.5%). Conclusion: The majority of the suspected ADRs reported were those described in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC). Professionals with history of COVID-19 reported more suspected ADRs after the first dose than professionals without history.

Objective: To gain in-depth insights into factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant women. This demographic has lower rates of COVID vaccination despite being disproportionally negatively affected by COVID. Design: A single centre cross-sectional online survey distributed 13th August 2021 to 21st September 2021 on local networks. Setting: Online Population: Pregnant population in a large District General Hospital in the West Midlands, UK. Main Outcome Measures: i) demographic and baseline data ii) awareness of information sources; iii) opinions on COVID and vaccination, iv) vaccination decisions. Results: 92 total eligible responses were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. 60.9% (n=56) had declined, or would decline, a COVID-19 vaccination. Those who had a previous negative pregnancy experience were significantly more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccination (OR 3.9; p<0.05, 95% CI 1.32-11.52). Over half (53.2%) of participants either agreed or strongly agreed that discussion with a healthcare professional was important in decision making on vaccination . GPs were the least supportive of the vaccination (62.5%) compared to midwives (78.8%) and obstetric consultants (81.8%). The most common reason for declining the vaccine were perceived risks to the fetus; this was also frequently reported in the qualitative analysis. Other qualitative themes included; distrust of recommendations, conflict of information and uncertainty. Conclusions: There is a need for consistent health professional messaging around vaccine uptake in pregnancy and the use of appropriate evidence based information, particularly focusing on its safety and impact on fetus. There is a need to nurture a collaborative approach and informed decision making.

Study Objective: To evaluate how COVID-19 has affected the management of women who presented with suspected adnexal torsion. Design: A retrospective case-controlled cohort study. Setting: A tertiary hospital. Population: 25 women in the control group (surgical date 24th March 2019 to 23rd March 2020) and 36 women in the pandemic group (24th March 2020 to 23rd March 2021) with confirmed adnexal torsion. Methods: Electronic patient record reviewed looking at women that had confirmed adnexal torsion in surgery. Main outcome measures: Time taken between clinical diagnosis of suspected adnexal torsion and surgical confirmation. Results: The median number of hours between suspected diagnosis and operating time was 7 hours (range 0.5-45 hours) and 4 hours (range 1-53 hours) respectively, with no statistical difference between the two groups (p>0.05, p=0.27). Out of hours operating was 6.5 times (OR 6.5 95%CI 1.36-31.09, p=0.01) more likely in the pandemic group when compared to the control group. Surgical outcome demonstrated 60% (n=15) of patients required oophorectomy in the control group, compared with 38% (n=14) in the pandemic group. Conclusions: Whilst there was an increase in the likelihood of out of hours operating during the pandemic; we have demonstrated that our ability to undertake diagnostic test and to perform emergency surgery safely was not delayed overall due to the impacts of COVID-19. Funding: None Keywords: adnexal torsion; ovarian torsion; COVID-19

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the cause of millions of deaths in the world annually. Despite the great progress in therapies, which are available for patients with CVDs, some limitations including drug complications still exist. Hence, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) was proposed as a new avenue for CVDs treatment. The cardiovascular action of cannabinoids is complex as they not only affect vasculature and myocardium directly via specific receptors but also exert indirect effects through the central and peripheral nervous system. The growing interest in phytocannabinoid studies has been broadened the knowledge about their molecular targets as well as therapeutical properties, nonetheless, some areas of their actions are not yet fully recognized. The purpose of this review is to summarize and update the cardiovascular actions of the most potent phytocannabinoids and the potential therapeutic role of ECS in CVDs, including ischemic reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension as well as cardiac complications associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among the frontline health care workers (HCWs). Although PPE offers a great deal of help in preventing infection, it poses significant physical and psychological impacts at varying levels. Correspondingly, multiple independent studies have brought out the PPE associated problems. However, there exists a lacuna on comprehensive information of global prevalence related to the same. Aims: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of PPE among HCWs during COVID-19 across the globe. Design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Method: The review was undertaken as per the protocol registered in PROSPERO xxxxxx following PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers have undertaken the search strategy, study selection and methodological quality assessment. Discrepancies were addressed by the third reviewer. Heterogeneity was addressed through I2 statistics and forest plots generated by open meta-software. Results: A total of 16 articles conducted across 6 different countries among 10,182 HCWs were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of skin lesions, headache, sweating, breathing difficulty, vision difficulty, thirst/dry mouth, fatigue and communication difficulty, anxiety, fear were 57(47-66%),51(37-64%),75(56-90%),44(23-68%),61(21-94%),54%(30-77%),67(58-76%),74%(47-94%),28(24-33%),14(10-17%) respectively. Moreover, the various risk factors included; the use of PPE greater than 6 Hrs. and young females. In addition, the medical management of new-onset problems created an additional burden on the frontline HCWs. Conclusion: The front-line HCWs encountered physical and psychological problems at varying levels as a result of wearing PPE which needs to be addressed to prevent the inadequate use of PPE leading to infections. Relevance to clinical practice: The review sheds light on the need to address the physical and psychological morbidity due to PPE use for ensuring the working morale and optimum health status of frontline HCWs to combat ongoing and future pandemics.

The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive and RT-PCR negative Patients in Iran. This cohort study performed on 81393 patients with COVID-19 in six provinces of Iran during 2020. The studied variables include demographic and clinical. To examine the associations between RT-PCR test and death or ICU admission as dependent variable the multiple Bayesian logistic regression model was used by R software. 81393 individual (44.9 % female) with a mean age of 52.98 ± 20.8 years were included to the analysis. At all, 25434 tests (31.2 %) were positive RT-PCR, including 10772 men (44.9%) and 14662 women (55.1%). The multiple Bayesian logistic regression model showed a significant positive association between RT-PCR test results and COVID-19 mortality rate (OR: 1.46; 95% Crl: 1.29- 1.64). Also, males, older age, individual with chronic disease have higher risk of COVID-19 death, however, negative association observed between history of contact and COVID-19 death. We observed a significant inverse association between RT-PCR test results and ICU admission, while, the risk of ICU admission increased significantly by 1.2 times (95% Crl for odds ratio: 1.09, 1.34) among patients with negative RT-PCR test compared to positive RT-PCR test. People with positive RT-PCR test, male gender, older age, having a history of underlying disease have a higher risk of death and hospitalization in the ICU. Therefore, paying attention to these factors will be effective in reducing the risk of death and hospitalization in ICU.

Objectives: To test the prevalence and evolution of acute olfactory and gustatory functional impairment and of their morphologic correlates in COVID-19 patients who require hospitalization due to COVID-19-related respiratory conditions. Key-words: COVID-19, taste, olfaction, electrogustometry, contact endoscopy Design: Electrogustometric (EGM) - thresholds at the tongue area supplied by the chorda tympani, at the soft palate and at the vallate papillae area were recorded bilaterally. Olfaction was examined by Sniffin’ sticks. The patients’ nasal and oral mucosa (fungiform papillae, fpap) were examined by contact endoscopy. Setting: Tertiary referral medical centre. Patients: 53 consecutive hospitalized patients (23 males, 30 females, age 42,54 ± 10, 95 yrs) with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included. Patients have been examined twice: just after hospital discharge and 4-6 weeks later. Main outcome measures: EGM-thresholds and taste strips, Schniffin-Sticks, Contact-Endoscopyesults: EGM-thresholds in patients were significantly higher at both instances than those of healthy subjects. EGM-thresholds at the second measurement were significantly lower than those at the first measurement. Accordingly, patient-reported gustatory outcomes were improved at the second measurement. The same pattern has been found using Sniffin’ sticks. Significant alterations in form and vascularization of fPap have been detected in patients, especially at the first instance. Conclusions: COVID-19 affects both gustatory and olfactory functions. It also affects in parallel the structure and vascularization of both nasal and oral mucosa, although the nasal mucosa to a much less, non-significant, extent. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 may cause a mild to profound neuropathy of multiple cranial nerves.

Objective: Telemedicine has advanced to the forefront of healthcare delivery, including maternal-fetal medicine. Smart wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices can enable pregnant women to monitor their health and that of their fetuses. Such technology would be a logical extension of the telemedicine ecosystem. However, it is not known how pregnant women perceive the ability to use such technologies. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Online survey in the United States in 2019. Population: A representative sample of 507 women aged 18-45 were polled from 45 states. Methods: Study participants were recruited using the SurveyMonkey Audience Polling system and responded virtually. Main Outcome Measures: Women were asked to identify willingness to use a wearable ECG device the size of a patch-sized large band-aid on their abdomen. Ten binary or multiple-choice questions were used to gauge population interest and related demographics towards the usage of a wearable ECG device. Results: 91% of women expecting to become pregnant in the next five years accept wearable ECG technology as a mechanism for increased frequency of monitoring of maternal and fetal health throughout the pregnancy outside the hospital. 78% of women demonstrated a willingness to wear devices day and night or at least during sleep and 42% of women would spend up to $200 on such a device. Conclusions: Even though conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study clearly indicates a high degree of readiness of prospective pregnant women for telemedicine with continuous health monitoring of the mother-fetus dyad during the entire antepartum period.

Background To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the human rhinovirus (HRV) outbreaks in Guangzhou, China, in 2020. Method Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analysis the HRV related outbreaks of Guangzhou, 2020. Results 17 outbreaks were reported in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guangzhou, a total of 465 patients (290 males and 175 females) were enrolled, with a median age of 10. 223(47.96%) had been tested for HRV, 89 (39.91%) of which were positive. 344/465 (73.98%) had fever, 138/465 (29.68%) had runny nose, 139/465 (29.89%) had sore throat, 86/465 (18.49%) had cough, 41/465 (8.82%) had headache, 37/465 (7.96%) had sneeze. Patients at age of 13 to 15 had the highest rate of sore throat and runny nose, patients at the age of 11 to 12 had the highest rate of sneeze, and patients at age of 12 to 14 had the highest rate of positive rate. Patients tested positive had a higher rate of fever (2=11.271, P=0.001), cough (2=6.987, P=0.008), runny nose (2=7.980, P=0.005) and sneeze (2=4.676, P=0.031). Conclusion The HRV was restored during the fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic. The conventional COVID-19 control measures were not effective enough in preventing rhinovirus. More appropriate control measures should be used to control HRV.

we here report the clinical case of a serious adverse reaction to booster dose COVID-19 vaccination in a 40-year-old woman, who soon ,developed severe headache, high fever, and musculoskeletal pains, with very important elevation of D-dimer levels and clear reduction of White Blood Count.