In this paper, we study the stability and convergence of a conservative Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme applied to the Korteweg-De Vries (KdV) equation endowed with initial data. We design a three-point average scheme associated to the convective term and the dispersion term is discretized by certain discrete operators along with the Crank-Nicolson scheme for the temporal discretization to establish that the proposed scheme is L 2 -conservative. The convergence analysis reveals that utilizing inherent Kato’s local smoothing effect, the proposed scheme converges to a classical solution for sufficiently regular initial data u 0 ∈ H 3 ( R ) and to a weak solution in L 2 ( 0 , T ; L loc 2 ( R ) ) for non-smooth initial data u 0 ∈ L 2 ( R ) . Optimal convergence rates in both space and time for the devised scheme are derived. The theoretical results are justified through several numerical illustrations.

There is growing interest in uncovering genetic kinship patterns in past societies using low-coverage paleogenomes. Here, we benchmark four tools for kinship estimation with such data: lcMLkin, NgsRelate, KIN, and READ, which differ in their input, IBD estimation methods, and statistical approaches. We used pedigree and ancient genome sequence simulations to evaluate these tools when only a limited number (1K to 50K) of shared SNPs (with minor allele frequency ≥0.01) are available. The performance of all four tools was comparable using ≥20K SNPs. We found that first-degree related pairs can be accurately classified even with 1K SNPs, with 85% F1 scores using READ and 96% using NgsRelate or lcMLkin. Distinguishing third-degree relatives from unrelated pairs or second-degree relatives was also possible with high accuracy (F1 >90%) with 5K SNPs using NgsRelate and lcMLkin, while READ and KIN showed lower success (69% and 79%, respectively). Meanwhile, noise in population allele frequencies and inbreeding (first cousin mating) led to deviations in kinship coefficients, with different sensitivities across tools. We conclude that using multiple tools in parallel might be an effective approach to achieve robust estimates on ultra-low coverage genomes.

This study used a modified version (questions pertaining to suicide were removed) of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to further explore the potential connection between consumption of political media from conservative and liberal sources and increased symptoms of psychological distress expanding beyond anger and considering feelings such as hopelessness, despair, hysteria and paranoia. Participants began the study by consuming one hour per day of political media. Half of the participants consumed political media that aligned with their beliefs and political stance for three days. The other half of the participants consumed political media that didn’t align with their beliefs and political stance for three days. Then they were asked to abstain from political media for ten days. At the end of the three days and at the end of the ten days, participants were asked to take the Beck Depression Inventory to monitor their depression levels. It was expected that adults (ages 18+) who eliminated consumption of political media for ten days would score lower on a BDI-II evaluation.

Birds and ants co-occur in most terrestrial ecosystems and engage in a range of interactions. Competition, mutualism and predation are prominent examples of these interactions, but there are possibly many others that remain to be identified and characterized. This study provides quantitative estimates of the frequency of toe amputations resulting from ant bites in a population of migratory red-necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) monitored for 15 years (2009-2023) in S Spain and identifies the attacker(s) based on taxonomic analyses of ant-mandible remains found on injured toes. Less than 1% of examined adults (N = 369) missed one or more toes. The analysis of ant remains identified African army ants (Dorylus sp.) as the primary cause of toe amputations in nightjars and revealed that body parts of the attacker may remain attached to the birds even after intercontinental migration. No cases of severe damage were observed in juveniles (N = 269), apart from the mandible of a Messor barbarus –a local ant species– attached to one of the teeth of the characteristic comb of the medial toe of nightjars. The incidence of ant-bite damage may appear unimportant for nightjar populations, but this might not be true if only birds that manage to survive their injuries and potential complications (e.g. severe bleeding and sepsis from opportunistic infections) return from the tropics. More field studies, ideally in tropical areas, that incorporate routine examination of ant-induced injuries into their protocols are needed to understand the true incidence and eco-evolutionary implications of antagonistic ant-bird interactions.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and patient satisfaction of Group Schema Therapy-Day Treatment (GST-d) in treating individuals with cluster B/C personality disorders. Method: The study utilized a naturalistic design with 39 patients undergoing 34 weeks of combined group and individual schema therapy. This included weekly full-day GST-d sessions, 15 individual sessions, and two group follow-ups. Results: Significant reductions were observed in psychological symptoms, personality issues, and dysfunctional schemas, with effect sizes (Cohen d’s) ranging from .77 to .87. Healthy modes showed a smaller effect size of .24. The dropout rate was 17.9%, but overall patient satisfaction remained high. Conclusions: The findings suggest the potential effectiveness of GST-d in treating personality disorders. Despite some limitations, the study recommends further research with a larger sample and randomized control trials to better understand the relationship between patient satisfaction and treatment outcome, as well as cost-effectiveness.

Bowen’s disease (BD) is a relatively rare early-stage squamous cell carcinoma in situ, most commonly affecting the middle-aged and elderly, and occurring on the skin or mucous membranes of various parts of the body. Its onset is concealed, the course of the disease is chronic, and some patients are accompanied by malignant tumors outside the skin, so it is necessary to diagnose and evaluate the disease in its early stage. This study aims to investigate the application of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in diagnosing Bowen’s disease. We performed RCM imaging on the lesion site of 113 patients initially diagnosed with Bowen’s disease in clinic, of which 92 patients underwent skin biopsy for histological diagnosis. A retrospective analysis of the RCM result as well as the histological examination revealed that after analyzing RCM images, 69 out of 113 patients were diagnosed with Bowen’s disease; out of 92 biopsy lesions, 61 were Bowen’s disease, of which 54 were consistent with RCM diagnosis. Among 59 cases diagnosed with Bowen’s disease by RCM, 54 cases were consistent with histological diagnosis. Afterwards, we analyzed the RCM characteristics in patients with Bowen’s disease verified by biopsy, and compared the RCM images of two different lesions, Classic Bowen’s Disease (CBD) and Pigmented Bowen’s Disease (PBD), and further summarized the key points of Bowen’s disease under RCM. Finally, we focused on the differential characteristics between Bowen’s disease and other skin diseases under RCM. It is found that RCM is of great value in diagnosing Bowen’s disease.

Climate change is a vital driver of biodiversity patterns and species distributions, understanding how organisms respond to climate change will shed light on the conservation of endangered species. In this study, the MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential suitable area of 12 threatened medicinal plants in the QTP (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) under the current and future (2050s, 2070s) three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5). The results showed that the climatically suitable habitats for the threatened medicinal plants were primarily found in the eastern, southeast, southern and some part of the central regions on the QTP. Moreover, 25% of the threatened medicinal plants would have reduced suitable habitat areas within the next 30-50 years in the different future global warming scenario. Among these medicinal plants, FP (Fritillaria przewalskii) would miss the most habitat (97.1%), while the RAN (Rhododendron anthopogonoides) would miss the least habitat (0.30%). Nevertheless, 41.6% of the threatened medicinal plants showed an increase in their future habitat area because of their physiological characteristics which are more adaptable to a wide range of climate. The climatic suitable habitat for 50% of the threatened medicinal plants would migrate to higher altitudes or higher latitudes regions. This study provides a data foundation for the conservation of biodiversity and wild medicinal plants on the QTP.

Despite the worldwide distribution and rich diversity of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea, the knowledge of the mitochondrial genomes (mtgenome) characteristics of the superfamily is still very limited and its phylogenetics and evolution remains unresolved. In present study, nineteen species of mtgenomes in Tenebrionoidea are newly sequenced and annotated, and a total of 90 mtgenomes are analyzed. There exist 37 genes for all 82 species of complete mtgenomes of 16 families investigated, and their characteristics are identical as reported mtgenomes of other Tenebrionoids. The Ka/Ks analysis suggests that all 13 PCGs have undergone a strong purifying selection. The phylogenetic analysis suggests the monophyly of Mordellidae, Ripiphoridae, Meloidae, Anthicidae, Oedemeridae, Pyrochroidae, Salpingidae, Scraptiidae, Lagriidae and Tenebrionidae, and the Mordellidae is sister to the Ripiphoridae. The “Tenebrionidae clade” and “Meloidae clade” are monophyletic, and both of them are sister groups. In the “Meloidae clade”, Anthicidae is sister to Meloidae. In the “Tenebrionidae clade”, the family Lagriidae and Tenebrionidae are sister groups. The divergence time analysis suggests that Tenebrionoidea originated in early Jurassic, Mordellidae, Meloidae and Oedemeridae in Cretaceous, Anthicidae, Lagriidae and Tenebrionidae in the early Cretaceous. The work lays a base for the study of mtgenome, phylogenetics and evolution of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea.

As DNA sequencing technology continues to rapidly improve, studies investigating the microbial communities of host organisms (i.e., microbiomes) are becoming not only more popular but also more financially accessible. Across many taxa, microbiomes can have important impacts on organismal health and fitness. To evaluate the microbial community composition of a particular microbiome, microbial DNA must be successfully extracted. Fecal samples are often easy to collect and are a good source of gut microbial DNA. Additionally, interest in the avian preen gland microbiome is rapidly growing, due to the importance of preen oil for many aspects of avian life. Microbial DNA extractions from avian fecal and preen oil samples present multiple challenges, however. Here, we describe a modified PrepMan Ultra Sample Preparation Reagent microbial DNA extraction method that is less expensive than other commonly used methodologies and is highly effective for both fecal and preen oil samples collected from a broad range of avian species. We expect our method will facilitate microbial DNA extractions from multiple avian microbiome reservoirs, which have previously proved difficult and expensive. Our method therefore increases the feasibility of future studies of avian host microbiomes.

“Access Control Lists (ACLs) are a cornerstone in securing network traffic. This study focuses on the automation and efficiency of ACL compliance verification systems, with an emphasis on enhancing network security. By leveraging alarm systems for continual checks and maintaining ACL rule order, network security remains robust against potential threats. A major contribution of this paper is proposing an innovative method for deriving Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ACL terms using automated scripts, enabling organizations to quickly adapt to network topology changes. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating automation in ACL management, reducing manual errors and optimizing resource allocation in network security.”

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the network security threats associated with Internet of Things (IoT) in the financial industry. Due to the rapid adoption of IoT devices for optimizing operations and enhancing services, financial institutions have seen an enlarged attack surface for potential cyber threats. The paper explores specific serious dangers, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, data breaches, and vulnerability exploits, with a particular emphasis on the risks and implications of DDoS attacks. It offers an analysis of significant case studies and how they reflect the severity of these threats. Comprehensive mitigation strategies to secure IoT devices from such risks are also proposed, including but not limited to robust encryption practices, regular audits, and network traffic monitoring. The paper argues that while IoT brings numerous advantages to financial institutions, adequate and ongoing attention to network security must be mandated to balance innovation with robust defense strategies, thus ensuring the secure functioning of these institutions in a digital and interconnected era.

Child abuse is pervasive and distressing issue around the globe with severe consequences for the survivors. Through the analysis of the existing literature, it provides the comprehensive overview of the current state of research and understanding of the child abuse in low-middle-income countries. It presents unique challenges in low and middle-income countries, where resource constraints, social dynamics, and cultural factors often compound the problem. The review focuses on the alarming prevalence, risk factors, consequences, societal responses of child abuse, child sexual abuse and child-maltreatment in low-middle income countries and its profound implication on their mental health. In low-middle income countries poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, societal stigmatization exacerbates the mental health concerns of child abuse victims in these regions. There is the multifaceted relationship between the child abuse and the child's mental health. Children are prone towards psychological problems after being subjected to abuse. The psychological problem not only rampant the stress and trauma but also acts like a formidable obstacle preventing disclosure. By focusing on the child abuse in the low middle-income countries, it aims to raise the awareness, inform policy, and need for more intervention strategies and encouraging the international community to prioritize the well-being of these children.

According to the Charities Aid Foundation, more than three in ten adults worldwide will donate money to charity in 2020. Indonesia occupies the world’s #1 spot for money donations, likely driven by religious giving. The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 2020, reports that charitable giving grew from three of the four sources of giving and to seven of the nine major types of recipient charitable organizations in 2020, but the experiences of individual charities may vary. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the World Giving Index and giving at the Lions Clubs International Foundation. We investigate whether financial donations made to international humanitarian LCIF in different countries around the world influence the World Giving Index. Main methods used are panel regression and correlation analysis. The results of our research suggest that donations made to LCIF have a positive impact on the World Giving Index. We supported our findings with extended theory of planned behaviour model for Slovakia based on a questionnaire with 150 respondents. Research limitations include the selection of one year of observation.

Computationally efficient frequency-domain models can play a very important role in facilitating conceptual design optimization of floating wind turbines (FWTs). However, achieving sufficient accuracy in such models is challenging due to the nonlinear variation of the aerodynamic loads, particularly the interaction between the floating platform motions and the controller. Building on previously proposed approaches from the literature, this work implements and improves upon three methods to evaluate the influence of rotor dynamics on FWTs dynamics in frequency domain. The investigated methods rely on: coupled fixed-nacelle simulations in turbulent wind; decay tests in steady wind; and linearized analytical expressions of the steady state aerodynamic loads. The main objective is to assess the suitability of these methods for future optimization of the floating platform and the mooring system. The various techniques are compared through a case study of three semi-submersible FWTs with increasing rotor size. While all approaches have good accuracy below-rated wind speed, only the decay test approach provide good estimates of the wind-induced global responses across all tested conditions.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel technique for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation management. Notably, asystole episodes of varying durations have been observed during electroporation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: This study hypothesizes that asystole during PFA is attributable to the activation of parasympathetic ganglia on the left atrium’s surface. Methods: We conducted a study with 24 patients (67% male, 62.8 ± 11.0 years, BMI: 25.3 ± 5.6) suffering from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The order of pulmonary veins chosen for electroporation was randomized to avoid cumulative electroporation effects. PFA was performed and the duration of cardiac pauses post-electroporation was recorded for each application. To examine the impact of electroporation on the parasympathetic nervous system, transjugular vagal stimulation (TJVS) was performed from the right internal jugular before and after isolation of each vein, during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing. Continuous data were analyzed with Student’s t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate; nominal data were evaluated using chi-square or Fisher exact tests. Results: Pre-PFA TJVS induced sinus pauses of 10.1 ± 2.74 seconds. A sinus block of over 3 seconds was present in 23 out of 24 patients. Post-PFA, the Right Superior Pulmonary Vein (RSPV) showed the highest decrease of TJVS-induced sinus pauses (RSPV: before 8.41 ± 4.53 vs after 3.27 ± 3.53 sec, p<0.001, RIPV: before 6.76 ± 4.54 sec vs. 6.89 ± 5.07 sec, p=0.90; LSPV: before 6.76 ± 5.25 sec vs. after 6.93 ± 4.29 sec, p=0.61; LIPV: before 7.80 ± 4.06 sec vs. after 7.88 ± 3.84 sec, p=0.91). Notably, sinus blocks over 3 seconds decreased significantly after RSPV ablation (19 before PFA, 10 after PFA, p<0.01), with less dramatic changes in other veins (RIPV: before 19, after 16, p=0.33; LSPV: before 14, after 19, p=0.11; LIPV: before 21, after 21, p=1.00). RSPV PFA also had the strongest impact on TJVS-induced AV block duration compared to the remaining veins (RSPV: before 6.49 ± 3.48 vs after 4.07 ± 3.27 sec, p<0.01, RIPV: before 6.00 ± 3.29 sec vs. 4.58 ± 3.99 sec, p=0.08; LSPV: before 5.15 ± 3.94 sec vs. after 5.14 ± 3.48 sec, p=0.93; LIPV: before 6.06 ± 3.98 sec vs. after 5.83 ± 3.44 sec, p=0.38). The incidence of AV blocks over 3 seconds was markedly reduced post-RSPV and post RIPV ablation (RSPV: before:19 vs. after: 14, p=0.11, RIPV: before:19 vs. after: 14, p=0.11), with minor changes in other veins (LSPV: before 14, after 16, p=0.55; LIPV: before 17, after 18, p=0.77). Conclusions: PFA applications during pulmonary vein isolation have acute effect on the autonomic nervous system, as evidenced by the decrease in TJVS-induced sinus and atrioventricular block at the level of the right superior pulmonary vein. PFA-induced pauses are more frequent during applications on the LSPV, and less frequent when prior isolation of the RSPV has been performed, suggesting a vagally-mediated mechanism involving the right superior and/or right posterior ganglionated plexi.

The lack of recovery of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Pacific Northwest has been blamed in part on predation by pinnipeds, particularly the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Previous work at a limited number of locations has shown that male seal diet contains more salmon than that of female seals and that sex ratios at haul-out sites differ spatiotemporally. This intrapopulation variation in predation may result in greater effects on salmon than suggested by models assuming equal spatial distribution and diet proportion. To address the generality of these patterns, we examined the sex ratios and diet of male and female harbor seals from 13 haul-out sites in the inland waters of Washington State and the province of British Columbia during 2012-2018. DNA metabarcoding was conducted to determine prey species proportions of individual scat samples. The sex of harbor seals was then determined from each scat matrix sample with the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed 2,045 harbor seal scat samples using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) to examine the factors influencing harbor seal sex ratio at haul-out sites and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to examine the influence of sex and haul-out site on harbor seal diet composition. We found that the overall sex ratio was 1:1.02 (female:male) with notable spatiotemporal variation. Salmoniformes were about 2.6 times more abundant in the diet of males than females, and Chinook salmon comprised ca. three times more of the average male harbor seal’s diet than the average female’s diet. Based on site-specific sex ratios and diet data, we identified three haul-out sites where Chinook salmon appear to be under high predation pressure by male harbor seals. Our study indicates that combining sex-specific pinniped diet data with the sex ratio of haul-out sites can help identify priority sites of conservation concern.

Anil Nepali1,2, Satyam Kharga1, Malavika Jayan2,3, Prakriti Adhikari4, Amit Shah1, Vivek Sanker2,5

The production of vaccines for diseases depends entirely on its analysis. However, to test every disease extensively is costly as it would involve the investigation of every known gene related to a disease. This issue is further elevated when different variations of diseases are considered. As such the use of different computational methods are considered to tackle this issue. This research makes use of different machine learning algorithms in the identification and prediction of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. This research presents that Gradient Boosting algorithm performs better in comparison to other algorithms in genic variation predictions with an accuracy of 70%.

Exploring the geological events and climate change in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is crucial for understanding the impact of environmental change on biogeographic distribution and biological evolution. To delve deeper into these mechanisms, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of three Notholirion species that span these regions. Here, we examined a total of 254 individuals from 31 populations of these three species, utilizing five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) (matK, ndhA, ndhG-ndhI, petB-petD, and petL-petG), along with one nuclear DNA region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS). We identified 14 haplotypes from cpDNA and 27 haplotypes from the ITS, each specific to corresponding species. Robust haplotype trees were detected, and obvious discrepancies were found between the cpDNA and ITS trees. A total of 147 chloroplast genomes were used for divergence time estimation, of which 10 chloroplast genomes from distinct populations of Notholirion species provided a comprehensive representation of the genus. The divergence time estimation results suggested that species of Notholirion genus originated in the southern Himalayan region during the Late Oligocene period (25.05 Ma), and the three Notholirion species then diverged during the Late Pliocene period (7.43 Ma). Our maximum model forecasts that the overall distribution range of Notholirion over four different periods remains relatively stable，from LIG to the future. The origin of the genus Notholirion was triggered by sustained climate fluctuations during the Late Oligocene, with the uplift of the Himalayas and the subsequent orogenic movements intensifying climate changes and further promoting the species divergence of Notholirion. A long evolutionary history, coupled with sexual reproduction and habitat fragmentation, likely contributed to the higher genetic diversity of Notholirion. The higher genetic differentiation among Notholirion populations may be attributed to drastic changes in the external environment within their range, as well as their constrained capacity for seed production and dispersal.

Amubarvimab-romlusevimab is used antiviral regimens currently recommended in China for the treatment of adult patients with mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections who are at a high risk factor for progression to severe COVID-19, but its exact efficacy in patients with severe COVID-19 is not yet known. This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. A total of 121 patients in intensive care units(ICU) diagnosed with severe COVID-19 were evaluated.The amubarvimab-romlusevimab therapy can reduce the 14-day mortality（23.40% vs 41.89%, p=0.037）, 28-day mortality（29.79 % vs 51.35%，p=0.02）, and ICU mortality（29.79% vs 55.41%，p=0.006) of severe COVID-19. To reduce bias and make the two groups balanced and comparable, a 1:1 PSM was performed. In the matched population（n=47), there were no statistically significant differences between the mAbs (monoclonal antibody)group and the Non-antiviral group in 14-day, 28-day, and thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients. The 40-day survival analysis shows that mAbs therapy can improve patient prognosis (HR=0.45, 95%CI=0.26-0.76, p=0.008). However, no significant intergroup difference in the 40-day cumulative viral conversion rate. In a univariate Cox regression analysis, The Amubarvimab - romlusevimab therapy( HR:0.464; CI:[0.252-0.853];p:0.013),CRP, PCT, PLT, Lactate, PT, PT-INR, and pt% level at admission were risk factors for clinical prognosis. After including the above covariates, Multifactorial COX regression shows that the Amubarvimab - romlusevimab therapy( HR:0.464; CI:[0.252-0.853];p:0.013), CRP, Lactate and PT-INR at admission are independent factors for mortality of severe COVID-19. Based on the current data, we conclude that amubarvimab-romlusevimab therapy is beneficial for patients with severe COVID-19.

Changes in species abundance and distribution are driven by short-term interactions between individuals and their environment, as well as by long-term shifts in climate, prey abundance, disease outbreaks and predators, acting across generations. Unfortunately, management of wildlife populations by humans has often overlooked these long-term effects. This approach has resulted in an overestimation of nature’s resilience, leading to overharvesting and contributing to the decline and extinction of species. Field studies that document species demography over sufficiently long periods to understand the drivers of change are rare but crucial for sustainable management. In our view, these datasets should be recognised as World Heritage Ecological Time Series (WHETS). To counteract biodiversity loss, it is essential to document, preserve, and develop existing WHETS. We illustrate the value of such time series using the example of the Kattegat-Skagerrak Sea Region harbour seal (Phoca vitulina).

Urbanization alters ecosystems, fragmenting natural habitats, and hence, increasing isolation between populations. Therefore, a reduction in gene flow among isolated populations is expected with greater distance and time since fragmentation. Changes in the structure, density, or community composition in the remaining habitats often result in species‘ modifications of vocalizations and morphological traits. However, the relationship between genetic, vocalizations and morphological divergence in urban areas over time remains poorly understood. We analyzed ten years of genetic, acoustic, and morphological data from isolated populations of the white-eared ground-sparrow. We used seven microsatellites (SSRs), recorded, and measured five acoustic traits, and measured six morphological traits, and compared them over a period of ten years. We found an increase in inbreeding, increase in song duration, number of elements, and frequency of maximum amplitude, but a reduction in female body size and changes in male beak. However, we only identified a significant correlation between genetic diversity and the acoustic characteristics of song.

Buyers expect much from the veterinarian examining a prospective horse for purchase. To compound this, the veterinarian is the gatekeeper in a highly unregulated transaction. The examining veterinarian must determine precisely what the buyer’s expectations are for the examination and their prospective new horse. How we communicate our findings to them is critical for helping them make an informed purchasing decision.

Patterns of pathogen prevalence are, at least partially, the result of coevolutionary host-pathogen interactions. Thus, exploring the distribution of host genetic variation in relation to infection by a pathogen within and across populations can provide important insights into mechanisms of host defence and adaptation. Here we use a landscape genomics approach (Bayenv) in conjunction with genome-wide data (ddRADseq) to test for associations between avian malaria (Plasmodium) prevalence and host genetic variation across 13 populations of the island endemic Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotii). Considerable and consistent spatial heterogeneity in malaria prevalence was observed among populations over a period of 15 years. The prevalence of malaria infection was also strongly positively correlated with pox (Avipoxvirus) prevalence. Multiple host loci showed significant associations with malaria prevalence after controlling for genome-wide neutral genetic structure. These sites were located near to or within genes linked to metabolism, stress response, transcriptional regulation, complement activity and the inflammatory response, many previously implicated in vertebrate responses to malarial infection. Our findings identify diverse genes - not just limited to the immune system - that may be involved in host protection against malaria and suggests that spatially variable pathogen pressure may be an important evolutionary driver of genetic divergence among wild animal populations, such as Berthelot’s pipit. Further, our data indicate that spatio-temporal variation in multiple different pathogens (e.g., malaria and pox in this case) may have to be studied together to develop a more holistic understanding of host pathogen-mediated evolution.